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- Prince Albert Edward Wettin Saxe-Coburg-Gotha was born on November 9, 1841 to Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Great Britain. He was the second child and first son which meant that he would become King after his mother died. As he grew up he was compared unfavorably to his father and then his very bright older sister, Vicky. His childhood was unsubstantial. He went to school and periodically went on vacation to Osborne House, or Balmoral. When he was about 20 years old he was sent to Scotland to undergo a sort of boot camp for the army. While he was there he had his first taste of sex when his friends put Nelly Clifton in his bed. He was very discreet about the affair but his father's friends found out about it and told him. Prince Albert, who was sick, made the journey to Oxford where Bertie, as he was called, was at University. Albert told his son that he should forget about it because the consequences for that type of lifestyle would be too great. Albert returned to London and shortly afterward died. Victoria blamed Bertie for the rest of her life. It was also around this time that Bertie got married. His choice of a wife was very important because she would someday be the Queen. He met Alexandra, a Danish Princess, on what was essentially a blind date. Queen Victoria knew that he would not accept anybody that the family would pick out for him so she had Alexandra meet him at a designated site in Germany. On March 10, 1863 they were married and eventually had six children together. Even though he was the Prince of Wales his mother did not involve him in matters of state. Because of this he had no demands on his time and did what he liked. What he liked was drinking, having sex, and having fun with his friends. During the almost 40 years between the time he married and the time he became King, Bertie allegedly fathered several children besides the ones with his wife. In January 1901 his mother died, making him King Edward VII. He only reigned for a short time before many years of drinking and overeating led him to die at the age of 68 in 1910.
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Antonin Dvorak was a son of butcher, but he did not follow his father's trade. While assisting his father part-time, he studied music, and graduated from the Prague Organ School in 1859. He also was an accomplished violinist and violist, and joined the Bohemian Theatre Orchestra, which was under the baton of Bedrich Smetana in 1860s. For financial reasons he quit the orchestra and focused on composing and teaching. He fell in love with one of his students, but she married another guy. Her sister was available, so Dvorak married the sister, Anna, in 1873, and they had nine children.
Dvorak's early compositions were influenced by Richard Wagner and Johannes Brahms, and with their promotion his music became performed in European capitals and received international acclaim. His performances in 1880s of Slavonic Dances, the Sixth Symphony and the Stabat Mater were a success in England, and Dvorak received an honorary doctorate from Cambridge. He made a successful concert tour in Russia in 1890, and became a professor at the Prauge Conservatory. In 1892 he received an invitation to America from Jeaunnette Thurber, the founder of he National Conservatory of Music in New York City. Dvorak was the Director of the National Conservatory in New York for three years (1892-95), where he also taught composition and carried on his cross-cultural studies.
Dvorak broadened his experiences through studying the music of the Native Americans and African Americans, many of whom became his students and friends. Dvorak was inspired by the originality of indigenous American music and culture, as well as by the spirituals and by the singing of his African American students. Dvorac incorporated his new ideas, blended with his Bohemian roots, into his well-known Symphony No.9 in E minor "From the New World". He worked on this symphony for most of the spring and summer of 1893, and made it's glorious premiere in Carnegie Hall in December, 1893. In America he also wrote the remarkable Cello Concerto and two string quartets, including the Quartet in F ("The American"). Dvorak was doing very well in New York financially, but his heart was in Prague and he left America for his Czech Motherland. He had a big family with his wife and nine children in Prague. He became the Director of the Prague Conservatory in 1901 and kept the position until his death in 1904.- Producer
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Louis Eugène Pirou was a French photographer and filmmaker, known primarily for his portraits of celebrities and scenes from the Paris Commune. He was awarded a gold medal at the Exposition Universelle of 1889. He owned numerous studios in Paris. During the Exposition of 1889, he saw a presentation of chronophotography, given by its inventor, Étienne-Jules Marey. Not long after, he decided to pursue the new art of cinematography. He bought the necessary equipment in the summer of 1896 and, together with his employee, Albert Kirchner, who would later become a noted filmmaker in his own right, he filmed scenes of assorted events in Paris and showed them at the "Cinématographe Eugène Pirou" in the basement of the Café de la Paix at the Place de l'Opéra. He and Kirchner later produced one of the first known erotic films, Coucher de la mariée (1896).- Pierre-Auguste Renior was born on February 25, 1841, in Limoges, France. His father was a tailor and his mother was a dressmaker. In 1845 his family moved to Paris and settled near the Louvre Museum. There young Renoir had his first experience with art.
From age 13 he became an apprentice painter in a porcelain factory, where he painted for five years. At age 19 he took drawing lessons from Charles Gleyre, and in 1862 he attended the Ecole des Beaux-Arts, a classical school of fine arts in Paris. There he met Claude Monet, Alfred Sisley, and Frederic Bazille, the future founders of Impressionism. During the 1860's Renoir was still painting in the academic tradition, and his portrait of his mistress, Lise Trehot, was traditional enough to be accepted at the 1867 Salon. In 1869 Renoir moved in with 'Claude Monet' and Frederic Bazille. Under their influence he updated his technique and color scheme. He started using little brush-strokes and vibrant pure colors while painting mainly outdoors, 'en plein aire'.
In 1874 Renoir took part in the first exhibition of the 'Society of independent artists' in the Paris studio of photographer Nadar. Monet's painting 'Impression, soleil levant' (Impression, Sunrise 1872) was untitled until the first show in 1874. A title was needed in a hurry for the catalogue. Monet suggested "Impression" as a simple title for his painting. The catalogue editor, Renoir's brother Edouard, added an explanatory 'Sunrise', thus making "Impression: soleil levant" the official title for Monet's work. From the painting's title, art critic Louis Leroy coined the term "Impressionism", which he intended to be derogatory. Monet's title came under criticism which seized upon the first word. Renoir with Claude Monet, Camille Pissarro, Alfred Sisley, were joined by Edgar Degas, and Georges Seurat, and continued to exhibit together despite the financial failure of the first show.
Impressionists slowly gained recognition after 1880, when public begun to recognize the value of their works. In 1881 Renoir traveled to Algeria, then to Spain, and later to Italy to see masterpieces of Titian and Raphael in Florence and Rome. In 1882 Renoir met composer Richard Wagner at his home in Sicily, and painted his portrait. In 1883 he had his first one-man exhibition at the Paris gallery of Paul Durand-Ruel, who became his art dealer. He received commissions to paint portraits of prominent Parisians, and also made several group portraits of his friends, models, writers, and fellow artists, such as the 'Luncheon of the Boating Party' (1881). In 1887, being already famous, Renoir donated several paintings to Queen Victoria on her Golden Jubilee. At that time he worked on a big composition 'Les baigneuses' (The Bathers), for which he made a series of nude female studies representing feminine grace with masterful depiction of the soft forms and tender texture of skin. His lively, joyful paintings brought him fame and steady success.
In 1880 Renoir met Aline Chairgot. She became his model and a painting assistant. In 1885, their first son, Pierre Renoir, was born. They married in 1890, and spent much time in Essoyes, the childhood home of his wife. In 1894, while living in Montmartre in Paris, they had their second son, named Jean Renoir, who later became a famous filmmaker. His third son, Claude Renoir, was born in 1901. Family life was beneficial to Renoir's work. He became as interested in painting people as he was in painting landscapes. By the age of 50 Renoir became wealthy and famous, but his health declined. During the 1890s he developed rheumatoid arthritis and had to move to a warmer climate in the South of France. In 1907 he bought a farm at Cagnes-sur-Mer. There Renoir expanded the garden into a beautifully landscaped park and continued painting landscapes and nudes.
Renoir suffered from complications of arthritis and was wheelchair-bound during the last 20 years of his life. He also suffered from cataracts, which affected his vision so that his later paintings had a general reddish tone and softer lines. He continued to paint with a brush on a stick strapped to his arm, because he lost mobility in his fingers and in his right shoulder due to ankylosis. Renoir did not give up art, he even started making sculptures with an assistant. He died at his house in Cagnes on December 3, 1919, and was laid to rest at the Cagnes-sur-Mer church cemetery.
In 1962 his son Jean Renoir wrote 'Renoir My Father', the definitive biography of August Renoir. The value of his art has been going up. In 1990, a smaller version of Renoir's painting 'Bal au moulin de la Galette' (1876), was sold at an auction for $78,000,000. - Charles J. Guiteau was born on 8 September 1841 in Freeport, Illinois, USA. He died on 30 June 1882 in Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
- John Fisher was born on 25 January 1841 in Ramboda, Ceylon. He was married to Frances Katharine Josepha Broughton. He died on 10 July 1920 in London, England, UK.
- British writer, novelist and ornithologist William Henry Hudson was born in 1841 in Argentina. His parents were English, though born in the New England area of the US (his grandfather came to the US from Exeter, England, on the Mayflower). His father eventually moved the family to Argentina, where William was born, to raise sheep. Young William roamed the pampas--as the Argentine plains were called--becoming an expert on the plant and animal life of the area. At 15 years old he took part in a cattle drive that was caught in a severe blizzard and he contracted rheumatic fever, which adversely affected his health for the rest of his life. While recovering from the illness, he read "The Origin of Species" by Charles Darwin (V), which made a lasting impression on him.
After his parents' death he began to travel extensively, but in 1869 he moved to England and settled there. In 1876 he married a much older woman, and they lived on the edge of poverty, even though they had income from two boarding houses, until his wife inherited a house in the Bayswater section of London, where Hudson spent the rest of his days.
His early novels were influenced by his life on the South American plains, being mainly romances in that exotic setting, but were not particularly successful at the time. He is probably best known for his 1904 novel "Green Mansions" (filmed in 1959 as Green Mansions (1959)). Although not as successful as many of his contemporaries, such as Joseph Conrad and Ford Madox Ford, Hudson became close friends with them. He soon began writing books with ornithological themes, and began to gain recognition. Several of his books helped to bring about the "back-to-nature" movement, such as "Afoot in England" (1909), "A Shepherd's Life" (1910) and "A Friend in Richmond Park" (1922).
Hudson died in London, England, after a bout with heart disease, in 1922. - Jean Mounet-Sully was born on 27 February 1841 in Bergerac, Dordogne, France. He was an actor, known for Hamlet, Prince of Denmark (1910), Oedipus Rex (1913) and Britannicus (1908). He died on 1 March 1916 in Paris, France.
- Eliza Orzeszkowa was born on 6 June 1841 in Milkowszczyzna, Poland, Russian Empire [now Milkaushchina, Belarus]. She was a writer, known for Nad Niemnem (1939), Cham (1931) and Nad Niemnem (1987). She was married to Stanislaw Nahorski and Piotr Orzeszko. She died on 18 May 1910 in Grodno, Grodnenskaya guberniya, Russian Empire [now in Hrodzienskaja voblasc, Belarus].
- Georges Benjamin Clemenceau (28 September 1841 - 24 November 1929) was a French statesman who served as Prime Minister of France from 1906 to 1909 and again from 1917 until 1920. A key figure of the Independent Radicals, he was a strong advocate of separation of church and state, amnesty of the Communards exiled to New Caledonia, as well as opposition to colonization. Clemenceau, a physician turned journalist, played a central role in the politics of the Third Republic, most notably successfully leading France through the end of the First World War.
- Wilfrid Laurier was born on 20 November 1841 in St. Lin, Québec, Canada. He was married to Zoe Lafontaine. He died on 17 February 1919 in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
- James Gordon Bennett Jr. was born on 10 May 1841 in New York City, New York, USA. He was an actor, known for The Great International Automobile Race for the Gordon-Bennett Trophy (1904), A Terrific Race (1903) and Start of the Gordon-Bennet Cup Race (1903). He was married to Maud Potter (Baroness de Reuter). He died on 14 May 1918 in Beaulieu-sur-Mer, Alpes-Maritimes, France.
- One of the greatest theatrical performers of the time Benoit Constant Coquelin born in Boulogne-sur-Mer, Pas-de-Calais, France in 1841. Made his professional stage debut at 19 as the comic valet in Moliere's 'Le Depit amoureux' at the Comedie-Francaise in 1860, his first great success was as Figaro in 'The Barber of Saville'. Four years after joining the comedie-Francaise, Coquelin became one of the elite societaires and during the next 22 years he starred in 44 new plays, including 'Gringoire' (1867), 'Tabarin' (1871), 'Forestier' (1871), 'L'Etrangere' (1876), Jean Dacier' (1877) 'Les Rantzau' (1884), he toured Europe and America with 'Les Precieuses ridicules', wrote several books including 'Art and the Actor'. In 1895 he joined the Renaissance Theatre in Paris where he had successes in Edmond Rostand's play 'Cyrano de Bergerac' in 1897 and in 1898 at the Lyceum Theatre in London. In 1900 he toured America with the lengendary theatre star Sarah Bernhardt appearing at the Broadway's Garden Theatre in a production of 'Cyrano de Bergerac' his most famous role, he starred in his only film which was the duel scene from 'Cyrano de Bergerac' with sound recording on phonograph cylinder directed by Clement Maurice at the Phono-Cinema- Theatre studio in 1900, the film is thought to be the first ever made with both colour and sound. On their return to France he appeared in 'L'Aiglon' at the Theatre Sarah Bernhardt. He was rehearsing for the starring role in Rostand's 'Chantecler' when he died suddenly in Paris age 68 in 1909.
- J.H. Ryley was born on 11 September 1841 in Camden Town, London, England, UK. He was an actor, known for Hamlet (1913) and Who Killed Simon Baird? (1916). He was married to Maria Elizabeth Crome and Madeleine Lucette Ryley. He died on 28 July 1922 in Edgeware, Middlesex, England, UK.
- Teddy Royce was born on 11 August 1841 in Eversholt, Bedfordshire, England, UK. He was an actor, known for Tansy (1921). He died on 24 January 1926 in Clapham Park, London, England, UK.
- Robert Buchanan was born on 18 August 1841 in Caverswall, Staffordshire, England, UK. He was a writer, known for Matt (1918), The Trumpet Call (1915) and God and the Man (1918). He died on 10 June 1901 in Streatham, London, England, UK.
- Ede Ujházi was born on 28 January 1841 in Debrecen, Hungary. He was an actor, known for Gazdag ember kabátja (1912). He died on 14 November 1915 in Budapest, Hungary.
- Iginio Ugo Tarchetti was born on 29 June 1841 in San Salvatore Monferrato, Piedmont, Italy. Iginio Ugo was a writer, known for Passion of Love (1981), Fosca (1981) and La Lettera U (Manoscritto d'un Pazzo) (2021). Iginio Ugo died on 25 February 1869 in Milan, Lombardy, Italy.
- J. Hastings Batson was born on 8 November 1841 in Clerkenwell, London, England, UK. He was an actor, known for She (1916), A Pit-boy's Romance (1917) and The Little Damozel (1916). He died on 18 April 1921 in Isleworth, Middlesex, England, UK.
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Emmanuel Chabrier was born on 18 January 1841 in Ambert, Puy-de-Dôme, France. He was a writer, known for Hawaii Calls (1938), Television Theater (1953) and Detective (1985). He was married to Marie Alice Dejean. He died on 13 September 1894 in Paris, France.- Lavinia Warren was born on 31 October 1841 in Middleboro, Massachusetts, USA. She was an actress, known for The Lilliputians' Courtship (1915), Mutual Weekly, No. 45 (1915) and Pathé News, No. 89 (1915). She was married to Count Primo Magri and Tom Thumb. She died on 25 November 1919.
- Sir Robert Anderson KCB (29 May 1841 - 15 November 1918) was the second Assistant Commissioner (Crime) of the London Metropolitan Police, from 1888 to 1901. He was also an intelligence officer, theologian and writer.
Anderson was born in Mountjoy Square, Dublin, Ireland. His father, Matthew Anderson, was Crown Solicitor, a distinguished elder in the Presbyterian Church of Ireland, and of Ulster Scots descent. Matthew married Mary, daughter of Samuel Lee of Derry. Robert described himself as "an anglicized Irishman of Scottish extraction". He had an elder brother, Sir Samuel Lee Anderson, and a sister, Annie. He received a Bachelor of Laws degree from Trinity College in 1875.
Anderson began to practice as a barrister. However, in 1865 his father showed him papers relating to the trials of Fenians and he too became involved in the operations against them, becoming the foremost expert on them and operations against them. In 1868, he was called to London and on April of the same year he was attached to the Home Office as adviser on political crime. In 1873, he married Lady Agnes Alexandrina Moore, sister of Ponsonby Moore, 9th Earl of Drogheda. They had five children. In 1887 he was asked to assist James Monro, Assistant Commissioner (Crime) at Scotland Yard, in operations related to political crime. In 1888, Monro was promoted to Commissioner, and Anderson replaced him as Assistant Commissioner, the post he was to hold for the rest of his career.
The Criminal Investigation Department was then just starting the investigation into the Whitechapel murders, a series of murders by the unknown serial killer nicknamed Jack the Ripper, which he thought were grossly oversensationalised. Almost immediately after being promoted, Anderson went on an extended holiday in France, leaving others in charge. He was called back after a month because of increased bad publicity over the Whitechapel murders.
Anderson retired in 1901 and was appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) in the King's Birthday Honours List in November 1901, having been appointed Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in 1896. Anderson died from the Spanish flu in 1918, aged 77. - Kristofer Janson was born on 5 May 1841 in Bergen, Norway. He was a writer, known for The Parson's Widow (1920), Gypsy Anne (1920) and The Bridal Party in Hardanger (1926). He died on 17 November 1917 in Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Joe Wilson was born on 29 November 1841 in Newcastle upon Tyne, Northumberland, England, UK. Joe died on 14 February 1875 in Newcastle upon Tyne, Northumberland, England, UK.- Writer
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Clement Scott was born on 6 October 1841 in London, England, UK. Clement was a writer, known for Father Goose (1964), Poppies (1914) and Hawaiian Eye (1959). Clement was married to Georgina Isabella Busson du Maurier and Constance Margarite Brandon. Clement died on 25 June 1904 in London, England, UK.